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Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis Hardcover – November 10, 2011
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Currency wars are one of the most destructive and feared outcomes in international economics. At best, they offer the sorry spectacle of countries' stealing growth from their trading partners. At worst, they degenerate into sequential bouts of inflation, recession, retaliation, and sometimes actual violence. Left unchecked, the next currency war could lead to a crisis worse than the panic of 2008.
Currency wars have happened before-twice in the last century alone-and they always end badly. Time and again, paper currencies have collapsed, assets have been frozen, gold has been confiscated, and capital controls have been imposed. And the next crash is overdue. Recent headlines about the debasement of the dollar, bailouts in Greece and Ireland, and Chinese currency manipulation are all indicators of the growing conflict.
As James Rickards argues in Currency Wars, this is more than just a concern for economists and investors. The United States is facing serious threats to its national security, from clandestine gold purchases by China to the hidden agendas of sovereign wealth funds. Greater than any single threat is the very real danger of the collapse of the dollar itself.
Baffling to many observers is the rank failure of economists to foresee or prevent the economic catastrophes of recent years. Not only have their theories failed to prevent calamity, they are making the currency wars worse. The U. S. Federal Reserve has engaged in the greatest gamble in the history of finance, a sustained effort to stimulate the economy by printing money on a trillion-dollar scale. Its solutions present hidden new dangers while resolving none of the current dilemmas.
While the outcome of the new currency war is not yet certain, some version of the worst-case scenario is almost inevitable if U.S. and world economic leaders fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors. Rickards untangles the web of failed paradigms, wishful thinking, and arrogance driving current public policy and points the way toward a more informed and effective course of action.
- Print length304 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPortfolio
- Publication dateNovember 10, 2011
- Dimensions6.31 x 1 x 9.31 inches
- ISBN-101591844495
- ISBN-13978-1591844495
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Editorial Reviews
Review
—Mike Allen, Politico
“Let’s hope he’s wrong.”
—Financial Times
“Rickards . . . has written one of the scariest books I’ve read this year. Though I was tempted at first to dismiss him as alarmist, his intelligent reasoning soon convinced me that we have more to fear than fear itself. Part history, part primer and analysis, the text covers topics ranging from the “misuse of economics” to complexity theory. The pieces, although disparate, fit together snugly, as in one of those mystery jigsaw puzzles that come with clues in lieu of cover art. The picture that emerges is dark yet comprehensive and satisfying.”
—Bloomberg Businessweek
“Unsettling . . . fascinating . . . a thorough analysis of how nations have manipulated their currencies . . . with disastrous consequences.”
—Fort Worth Star-Telegram
“Buy Currency Wars if you want to learn the history and language of the global currency markets and the political economy which they support.”
—Chris Whalen, Ritholtz.com
“Jim Rickards highlights dangerous dynamics between national security and the international financial markets. What we assumed was firm ground under our feet is more like the narrowing point of a precipice. Our politicians, national security experts, and financial markets, each chasing carrots dangling in front of them, fail to see that they are leading America right off the edge.”
—Charles A. Duelfer, former special adviser to the director of the CIA; author of Hide and Seek: The Search for Truth in Iraq
“Put on your flak vest and helmet and enter the dangerous battlefield of global finance. Jim Rickards takes you through a captivating roller-coaster ride—the past, the present, and a look at the problematical future of our ongoing currency wars.”
—Rear Admiral (Ret.) Stephen H. Baker, chief of staff, Fifth Fleet; recipient, Distinguished Service Medal
About the Author
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Product details
- Publisher : Portfolio; 1st edition (November 10, 2011)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1591844495
- ISBN-13 : 978-1591844495
- Item Weight : 1.1 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.31 x 1 x 9.31 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #176,890 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #62 in Commodities Trading (Books)
- #128 in Money & Monetary Policy (Books)
- #319 in Economic Conditions (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

James Rickards is the Editor of Strategic Intelligence, a financial newsletter, and Director of The James Rickards Project, an inquiry into the complex dynamics of geopolitics + global capital. He is the author of The New Case for Gold (April 2016), and two New York Times best sellers, The Death of Money (2014), and Currency Wars (2011) from Penguin Random House. He is a portfolio manager, lawyer, and economist, and has held senior positions at Citibank, Long-Term Capital Management, and Caxton Associates. In 1998, he was the principal negotiator of the rescue of LTCM sponsored by the Federal Reserve. His clients include institutional investors and government directorates. He is an Op-Ed contributor to the Financial Times, Evening Standard, New York Times, and Washington Post, and has been interviewed on BBC, CNN, NPR, C- SPAN, CNBC, Bloomberg, Fox, and The Wall Street Journal. Mr. Rickards is a guest lecturer in globalization and finance at The Johns Hopkins University, The Kellogg School at Northwestern, and the School of Advanced International Studies. He has delivered papers on risk at Singularity University, the Applied Physics Laboratory, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. He is an advisor on capital markets to the U.S. intelligence community, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and is on the Advisory Board of the Center on Sanctions & Illicit Finance in Washington DC. Mr. Rickards holds an LL.M. (Taxation) from the NYU School of Law; a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School; an M.A. in international economics from SAIS, and a B.A. (with honors) from Johns Hopkins. He lives in New Hampshire.
Customer reviews
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Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonCustomers say
Customers find the book well-written and appreciate how it explains complex subjects while highlighting the history of currency wars. Moreover, the book offers compelling explanations of past events and provides profound insights into future implications. However, the material quality receives mixed reviews, with some customers describing it as rock solid while others find it frightening.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book well worth reading and very well written, with concise prose that makes it easy to read.
"...What Rickards offers here is great reading, and after seeing Rickards recently speak on this subject matter on the RT television news channel the..." Read more
"The short story is that I think this book is excellent...." Read more
"...use of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) is also enlightening and a good intro to learn more on this topic that might grow considerably in importance...." Read more
"Great book, as are all of James Rikkards. If you want to understand money, gold or the IMF, read his books." Read more
Customers find the book well-researched and informative, particularly highlighting its coverage of currency wars and the history of the dollar, with one customer noting it serves as a crash course in economic theories.
"...interest, since in my opinion this book is a worthy read for anyone in the United States who wants to understand from whence we came as well as..." Read more
"This is one of Rickards' better books. It is a good intro to a concept rarely discussed; that is world monetary history in terms of the 'war-like'..." Read more
"While the book's title is about currency wars, it has a lot of good information on the history of the US dollar...." Read more
"...As a lay person, it has increased my knowledge base thus increasing my quality of life by giving me a map to reference when I look at macro issues..." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's insights, particularly its compelling explanations of historical events and how they relate to today's global financial landscape.
"...For example, the opening chapters are actually pretty interesting as the author lets us in on the first ever "financial war games" exercise..." Read more
"...Although the book was written in 2011, it still has a lot of useful insights, which I found very useful, especially understanding how to create..." Read more
"...Nonetheless, the topics discussed are pertinent more than ever...." Read more
"This book was fascinating...." Read more
Customers find the book thought-provoking, offering profound insights on future implications.
"...critical parts of history in the currency market and also describes the possible outcomes or the future of the currency market...." Read more
"...the author a standing ovation as I write this, not only for his great work, but for the important message as well." Read more
"...This is a very fresh approach not taken by other authors and it reveals an image that is not pretty...." Read more
"...A crash course in many aspects of economic theories, practices and their impacts...." Read more
Customers find the book provides good economic insights and is worth their time and money, with one customer mentioning it offers fantastic returns in investing.
"...especially understanding how to create wealth with currency and not lose money. Here are some of the key highlights. -..." Read more
"...OMG this author works hard for his money! I think this is the single most important book of our time...." Read more
"...anyway a great book for the money. and will create controversy. A very good read ....." Read more
"...His Conclusion: "The path of the dollar is unsustainable and therefore the dollar will not be sustained."..." Read more
Customers have mixed reactions to the book's scariness level, with some finding it truly frightening and worrying, while others disagree.
"...It explains how risk rises exponentially as the complexity of systems increases; it explains how a society's psychological mindset can screw up all..." Read more
"...It's a great read, albeit a bit terrifying. Currently (March 2013), everywhere I look in the news, I see talk about a currency war...." Read more
"...The book is very well written and carefully copyedited. The war metaphor is appropriate, but odd in the sense that this nouveau mercantilism is..." Read more
"...Although quite fatalistic, the author presented his supporting evidence in quite a convincing manner. Overall, I enjoyed it and learned quite a bit." Read more
Customers have mixed opinions about the book's material quality, with some finding it rock solid and finishing strong, while others express concerns about an inevitable currency collapse.
"...It is also the strong US military...." Read more
"A stark and clear overview on the danger of complex, interconnected systems such as our current world financial system...." Read more
"...Reserve: "...since its formation in 1913 it has failed to maintain price stability, failed as a lender of last resort, failed to maintain full..." Read more
"Great material" Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on November 28, 2013One of the best texts of the economics genre ever written for a general audience. A couple years ago, I read "Web of Debt: The Shocking Truth About Our Money System and How We Can Break Free", by Ellen Hodgson Brown, and I was captivated by how it walks the reader through the symbols of the "Wizard of Oz", elegantly introducing the reader to many of the problems associated with the private centralized bank that runs the United States. But after a little research, it became apparent that the book is a mixed bag, because it is infused with inaccuracies, and the alternatives it offers are problematic. While I still recommend the book to a discerning audience, it is really not appropriate reading material for a general audience because of these reasons.
What Rickards offers here is great reading, and after seeing Rickards recently speak on this subject matter on the RT television news channel the other day, it reminded me that I had not yet written a review for his book. Essentially, the author argues that currency wars are a national security concern, not just an economic or monetary concern. And greater than any single threat is the very real danger of the collapse of the United States dollar. While my undergraduate economics coursework could have alerted students to a number of problems, it was only very recently that the Federal Reserve began its sustained effort to stimulate the economy by printing money on a multi-trillion-dollar scale.
This book really explains the big picture rather well, both for the present and the past, in amazingly less than 300 pages. Because the author covers quite a bit of ground, and potential readers can find summaries in many of the reviews already written, what follows are some quotes that will hopefully garner some additional interest, since in my opinion this book is a worthy read for anyone in the United States who wants to understand from whence we came as well as where the author thinks we may be going as a result of the current administration's continued actions. If you do not have time to read the entire book, read the section on growth in GDP definition at the beginning of Chapter 3 ("Reflections on a Golden Age"), the section on Monetarism, Keynesianism, and Financial Economics at the end of Chapter 9 ("The Misuse of Economics"), and Chapter 11 ("Endgame - Paper, Gold or Chaos?").
Chapter 6 ("Currency War III - 2010- "): "It is intriguing to think about how imbalances such as the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China and China's massive accumulation of U.S. government debt would have evolved under the Bretton Woods system. China's accumulation of U.S. debt would have begun the same way and there would always have been a desire to hold some amount of U.S. Treasury securities for diversification and liquidity-management reasons. But at some point, China would have asked to cash in some of its treasury securities for U.S. gold held in reserves, as was allowed under Bretton Woods. A relatively small redemption, say, $100 billion of Treasury notes, done in early 2008 when gold was about $1,000 per ounce, would have equaled 100 million ounces of gold, or about 2,840 metric tons."
"This amounts to 35 percent of the entire official gold supply of the United States. Indeed, a full redemption of all U.S. government securities by China would have wiped out the U.S. gold supply completely and left the United States with no gold and China the proud owner of over 9,000 metric tons. One can imagine Chinese naval vessels arriving in New York Harbor and a heavily armed U.S. Army convoy moving south down the Palisades Interstate Parkway from West Point to meet the vessels and load the gold on board for shipment to newly constructed vaults in Shanghai."
"No doubt such a scene would have been shocking to the American people, yet that imagined shock proves a larger point. America has, in fact, run trade deficits large enough to wipe out its gold hoard under the old rules of the game. Still, the idea of the gold standard was not to deplete nations of gold, but rather to force them to get their financial house in order long before the gold disappeared. In the absence of a gold standard and the real-time adjustments it causes, the American people seem unaware of how badly U.S. finances have actually deteriorated."
Chapter 7 ("The G20 Solution"): "Quantitative easing in its simplest form is just printing money. To create money from thin air, the Federal Reserve buys Treasury debt securities from a select group of banks called primary dealers. The primary dealers have a global base of customers, ranging from sovereign wealth funds, other central banks, pension funds and institutional investors to high-net-worth individuals. The dealers act as intermediaries between the Fed and the marketplace by underwriting Treasury auctions of new debt and making a market in existing debts."
"When the Fed wants to reduce the money supply, they sell securities to the primary dealers. The securities go to the dealers and the money paid to the Fed simply disappears. Conversely, when the Fed wants to increase the money supply, they buy securities from the dealers. The Fed takes delivery of the securities and pays the dealers with freshly printed money. The money goes into the dealers' bank accounts, where it can then support even more money creation by the banking system."
Conclusion: "As I noted at the outset, a book on currency wars is inevitably a book about the dollar and its fate. The dollar, for all its faults and weaknesses, is the pivot of the entire global system of currencies, stocks, bonds, derivatives and investments of all kinds. While all currencies by definition represent some store of value, the dollar is different. It is a store of economic value in a nation whose moral values are historically exceptional and therefore a light to the world. The debasement of the dollar cannot proceed without the debasement of those values and that exceptionalism. This book has tried to offer fair warning of the dangers ahead and be a compass to help steer away."
"Social and financial collapses have happened many times but are easily ignored or forgotten. Yet history does not forget, nor do complex systems refrain from doing what they are wont to do. Complex systems begin on a benign organizing principle and end by absorbing all available energy while destroying the system itself. Capital and currency markets are complex systems and will collapse in the end unless they are broken up, contained, compartmentalized and descaled. Currency wars are ultimately about the dollar, yet the dollar today is just a jumped-up version of a former self due to derivatives, leverage, printing and the derogation of gold. It is not past time to save it. Still, the time grows short."
- Reviewed in the United States on November 10, 2012The short story is that I think this book is excellent. I consider it required reading -- and in fact re-reading as well -- for investors who rely on an informed macroeconomic perspective to guide their decision-making, and for those interested in the science of monetary economics.
Below are some passages from Currency Wars that I thought were especially insightful. They put forth prospective answers to many key questions that many traders will want to consider.
How Does the Global Economic Crisis Get Resolved?
"The new crisis will likely begin in the currency markets and spread quickly to stocks, bonds, and commodities. When the dollar collapses, the dollar-denominated markets will collapse too. Panic will quickly spread throughout the world. As a result, another US president, possibly Obama, will take to the airwaves and cyberspace to announce a radical plan of intervention to save the dollar from complete collapse, invoking legal authority already in place today. This new plan may even involve a return to the gold standard. If gold is used, it will be at a dramatically higher price in order ot support the bloated money supply with the fixed quantity of gold available. Americans who had invested in gold earlier will be confronted with a 90% "windfall profits" tax on their newfound wealth, imposed in the name of fairness. European and Japanese gold presently stored in New York will be confiscated and converted to use in the ervice of the New Dollar Policy. No doubt the Europeans and Japanese will be given receipts for their former gold, convertible into New Dollars at a new, higher price.
Alternatively, the president may eschew a return to gold and us an array of capital controls and global IMF money creation to reliquify and stabilize the situation.
This isn't far-fetched speculation. It has all happened before. Time and again, paper currencies have collapsed, assets have been frozen, gold has been confiscated, and capital controls have been imposed."
Is Widespread Military Conflict Likely?
"A conventional military confrontation with the united States seems highly unlikely because of the United States' ability to suppress and ultimately decimate the opposing side. As a result, rival nations and transnational actors such as jihadists have increasingly developed capabilities in unconventional warfare, which can include cyberwarfare, biological or chemical weapons, other weapons of mass destruction or now, in the most unexpected twist of all, financial weapons...the costs of a financial war might be far less than the costs of an arms race and possibly be much more effective at undermining US power than a military confrontation."
How Do Currency Wars -- When Economies Compete to Devalue their Currencies -- Start?
"Currency wars begin in an atmosphere of insufficient internal growth. The country that starts down this road typically finds itself with high unemployment, low or declining growth, a weak banking sector, and deteriorating public finances. In these circumstances, it is difficult to generate growth through purely internal means and the promotion of exports through a devalued currency becomes the growth engine of last resort."
Do Currency Devaluations Help an Economy?
"A country that cheapens its currency may make final sales look cheaper when viewed from abroad but may hurt itself as more of its cheap currency is needed to purchase various inputs."
Have Currency Wars Happened Before? What Was the Outcome?
"Currency War I began in spectacular fashion in 1921 in the shadow of World War I and wound down to an inconclusive end in 1936. In round after round of devaluation and default, the major economies of the world raced to the bottom, causing massive trade disruption, lost output and wealth destruction along the way. The volatile and self-defeating nature of the international monetary system during that period makes Currency War I the ultimate cautionary tale for today as the world again confronts the challenge of massive unpayable debt."
How does China play into the Euro crisis?
"China has a vital interest in a strong Euro. The European Union surpasses the United States as China's largest trading partner. China's interest in supporting the Euro is as great or greater than its interest in maintaining the yuan peg against the dollar."
How is China affecting the gold market?
"Between 2004 and 2009, China secretly doubled its official holdings of gold. China used one of its sovereign wealth funds, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), to purchase gold covertly from dealers around the world. Since SAFE is not the same as the Chinese central bank, these purchases were off the books from the central bank's perspective."
What are the Possible Outcomes for the end of the Reign of the US Dollar?
"Taking a range of views from the conventional to the cutting-edge, we can foresee four outcomes in the prospect for the dollar -- call them The Four Horsement of the Dollar Apocalypse. In order of disruptive potential from smallest to greatest, they are: multiple reserve currencies, Special Drawing Rights, gold, and chaos."
What are Special Drawing Rights (SDR)?
"The SDR is world money, controlled by the IMF, backed by nothing, and printed at will. Once the IMF issues an SDR, it sits comfortably in the reserve accounts of the recipient like any other reserve currency."
Top reviews from other countries
- Rick SandersReviewed in Canada on July 31, 2024
5.0 out of 5 stars GREAT INSIGHT
Loved the book. Makes you realize how crooked world governments are and how we are being manipulated by the oligarchs. Very well written and informative.
- AimeeReviewed in Singapore on October 31, 2020
5.0 out of 5 stars Great!
Delivered the next day. A good book by James Rickards. I like all his books -Road to Ruin , Aftermath and The new case of Gold.
- Bernhard KoenigReviewed in Germany on July 1, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Historically Insightful and Remarkable
The book is well written, pleasant to read and you can tell that the author has made an effort to explain historical events up to this day to explain the matter at hand. In short, it's about the monetary gold standard, why the gold standard was abandoned and what we could do today to avoid currency wars in a time where there is no gold standard. I liked the way the book was written and got a lot of insight into a financial topic that was often tied to global politics (e.g. world wars, oil crises, etc).
Recommendation from my side!
- SayoReviewed in Australia on January 30, 2016
5.0 out of 5 stars Authors save the World
In the end, we all bear some measure of responsibility for allowing the financial world to threaten and put at risk the stability of societies millennia in the making. The accumulated efforts of countless generations, including ours, are invested in our societies. We live richer and more beneficial existences than our hunter gatherer forebears. We are able to think and educate ourselves and our children in ways unimaginable to previous generations. Mr. Richards makes a good case for investing the necessary effort to safeguard a most valuable asset, namely civilization itself.
-
Alberto R.Reviewed in Mexico on November 13, 2018
5.0 out of 5 stars Interesante
Interesante libro