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Did Adam and Eve Really Exist?: Who They Were and Why You Should Care Paperback – May 4, 2011

4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 69 ratings

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Throughout history, most Christians have believed that Adam and Eve were actual persons, of whom we are all descendants. Some Christians today, however, readily dismiss the historical consensus, arguing that those same Christians also believed the earth was the center of the universe. Understandably, there are reasons to doubt the traditional view . . . and yet rarely are those doubts humbly subjected to serious scholarship.

C. John Collins invites both doubts and scholarship to the table. Applying well-informed, critical thinking to questions raised by theologians and scientists alike, Collins examines the historicity and relevance of a real Adam and Eve, ultimately answering the questions: Did Adam and Eve really exist? And why should we care?

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Dr. Collins has presented a careful defense of the existence of the historical Adam and Eve. This methodologically rigorous study reflects a critical awareness of contemporary discussions on both biblical and extra-biblical literature and further contributes to the wider discussion on science and religion. Perhaps more importantly, he has successfully demonstrated the theological significance of this traditional reading, all the while using language that an informed layperson can digest and engage. This work deserves to be widely circulated.”
David W. Pao, Chair of the New Testament Department, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

“Working through questions of myth and history, Bible and science, harmonization and complementarity, Collins brings fresh arguments to stimulate wide-ranging thought and improved appreciation of the way the first chapters of the Bible affect the whole.”
Alan Millard, Emeritus Rankin Professor of Hebrew and Ancient Semitic Languages, The University of Liverpool

“I could hardly imagine a more honest book on this controversial topic. Its openness (in a user-friendly format) is no naivety―it is combined with undeniable competence on the ancient Near East, recent literature, and methodological discussions. Standing firm on vital issues, accepting diversity on others, the reader meets in C. John Collins a sensitive and godly guide.”
Henri A. Blocher, former Gunther Knoedler Professor of Systematic Theology, Wheaton College Graduate School

“Few scholars are better equipped than Professor C. John Collins to provide a well-informed, up-to-date assessment of what may and may not be known about Adam and Eve. With clarity, Collins offers a balanced discussion of the relationship between Genesis 2–3 and current theories on the origins of the human race. Recognizing the limitations of human knowledge, he highlights the vital contribution made by the Genesis account for understanding the human predicament. Marked by both erudition and sanity, here is a book worth reading.”
T. Desmond Alexander, Senior Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Union Theological College

“In a sense, the way one reads the first few chapters of Genesis will determine his or her way of reading the whole Bible. Dr. Collins has expounded in a lucid manner how the original narrator intended this vital part of the Bible to be read. Cogency combines with erudition to make this book worthy of appreciation by those who do not espouse his general stance, as well as by readers who may be unaware of their own premises.”
Nobuyoshi Kiuchi, Professor of Old Testament, Tokyo Christian University

“This book will boost your confidence in the Bible, especially in its capacity to address a common experience of all peoples. By treating the Bible as Scripture, Collins has modeled for us how Christians should approach the faith-science questions. The Bible has answers to the human predicaments and needs. Only if what it says is true can we truly make sense and move forward in this sinful world. The real payoff of this book goes beyond the unequivocal biblical witness of Adam and Eve’s historical existence. For it is the human dignity based on our common ancestry and a shared perception of sensing the abnormality of this world that open a way for the redemption and restoration of all peoples through the real life and works of the second Adam.”
Natee Tanchanpongs, Academic Dean, Bangkok Bible Seminary

“I commend this book merely for the courage of taking the adventure in addressing this debated issue biblically and scientifically. Even if the reader does not fully agree with Collins’s conclusions he/she is compelled to listen carefully to his arguments.”
Riad A. Kassis, Regional Director, Overseas Council for Middle East, North Africa, and Central Europe; Adjunct Professor of Old Testament, Arab Baptist Theological Seminary, Lebanon

“It is not often that a book in this controversial field of human origins takes seriously both the Bible (in terms of textual exegesis, literary form, and theological coherence) and science (in terms of its findings and its theoretical possibilities). Jack Collins does both with graciously applied scholarship, conviction, and humility, making very clear where biblical faithfulness requires us to be uncompromisingly affirmative, and where there is room for varying opinion over possible scenarios that could be consistent with such biblical conviction.”
Christopher J. H. Wright, International Ministries Director, Langham Partnership

About the Author

C. John Collins (PhD, University of Liverpool) is professor of Old Testament at Covenant Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri. He has been a research engineer, church-planter, and teacher. He was the Old Testament Chairman for the English Standard Version Bible and is author of The God of Miracles, Science and Faith: Friends or Foes?, and Genesis 1–4: A Linguistic, Literary, and Theological Commentary. He and his wife have two grown children.

Professor of Old Testament, Covenant Theological Seminary

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Crossway; 4.4.2011 edition (May 4, 2011)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 192 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1433524252
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1433524257
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 8.3 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 0.5 x 8.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 69 ratings

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C. John Collins
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C. JOHN COLLINS (PhD, University of Liverpool) is professor of Old Testament at Covenant Theological Seminary in St Louis. With degrees from MIT and Faith Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, he pursues such research interests as Hebrew and Greek grammar, science and faith, and biblical theology. He is the author of The God of Miracles.

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4.3 out of 5 stars
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Customers find the book informative and a valuable resource on the issue of Adam's historicity. They describe it as well-written and accessible, with strong evidence. The author is considered a Hebrew scholar and scientifically positioned to write such a book.

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11 customers mention "Scholarly content"11 positive0 negative

Customers find the book informative and well-written. They say it provides a thorough and clear discussion on the historical Adam and Eve. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the issues of Genesis. Readers describe it as a thought-provoking and accessible introduction into an important topic.

"...Who They Were and Why You Should Care. It is a thought provoking and accessible introduction into an important discussion." Read more

"...Recommendation Collins’ book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the issues of how the grand narrative of the Bible fits together...." Read more

"...includes three appendices, a bibliography, a general index, and a scripture index. It is a good introduction to the issue of the historicity of Adam." Read more

"...Great book for your studies, see also Peril in Paradise: Theology, Science, and the Age of the Earth, [..." Read more

4 customers mention "Readability"4 positive0 negative

Customers find the book very readable with strong evidence. They say the author is well-positioned to write such a book, being both a Hebrew scholar and scientifically.

"This is a well-written and informative book, although it does not answer the question, which probably won't ever be answered this side of Heaven...." Read more

"...He does this well with strong evidence and is very readable, though many have probably not delved as deep into Genesis as they think...." Read more

"...He is well positioned to write such a book, being both a Hebrew scholar and scientifically trained...." Read more

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on March 28, 2015
    Anyone who is serious about grappling with the question of how science and religion interact must at some point address creation. Setting aside all the different models of how they have interacted in the past or how they should interact now, science and religion virtually collide when considering the existence of the universe. While the Bible stands alone as the one document that claims the universe had a beginning, its unique truth claims about many other subjects cannot be sustained on that one fact from cosmology. If the Christian theist is to be properly equipped to defend the truth claims of the Bible she must be able to defend Genesis against other, purely naturalistic, views of human origins.

    But before Christians can defend Genesis, one should know what it actually says about the origins of humanity. It is at this point that everyone interested in this topic runs into a brick wall. Over the last two hundred years, a lot of unnecessary and even harmful ideology has accumulated on the creation narrative found in Genesis 1-4. Christians have become so adept at arguing about secondary issues, that we have lost sight of the primary ideas we should defend.

    It is at this point that C. John Collins’ book, Did Adam and Eve Really Exist? Who They Were and Why You Should Care provides invaluable analysis in defending what he refers to as the “traditional view” of Adam and Eve. In the tradition of Lewis’ term “mere Christianity,” Collins calls his position “mere historical Adam-and-Eve-ism” (page 13) that simply asserts “…Adam and Eve as our first parents who brought sin into human experience.” (page 133) In adopting this “mere historical” view Collins deliberately avoids topics that are not essential to this view.

    The most useful arguments in this book are those that adjust or revise how we view the creation narrative. The “protohistory” (page 11) (chapters 1-11) of Genesis must be read and understood differently from the categories that science, concordism, young earth creationism, etc. impose on the text. It must be understood in terms of different categories that allow for it to be truthful without being accurate in terms that modern western society would assume. In other words, Genesis should be read in light of its intended audience (descendants of Israel who had lived in slavery to a pagan, polytheistic culture) and not in terms of any categories of thought today. Genesis explains a worldview in which a single omnipotent and loving God is creator and sovereign over all things. This worldview shows how God wants to restore and redeem humanity from the consequences of the rebellion of Adam and Eve.

    One of Collins’ stated goals is to show how the traditional view of Adam and Eve does the best job of explaining the rest of the Bible and the universal experience of humanity. That experience not only includes the reality of sin as something we all experience and from which we desire relief, but also the idea that humans have unique capacities that set them apart from everything else. Whatever theory of human origins one adopts, it must account for the common experiences of humanity as more than just a mere illusion.

    The Bible must be read as a single story of God’s plan to redeem humanity. We deprive the Bible of its power to transform and shape our lives if we do not see the Bible from a holistic point of view. Collins argues compellingly that the story of the entire Bible requires the traditional view of Adam and Eve. Any view that rejects Adam and Eve or their rebellion against God as being real is not just at odds with Genesis, but also with the rest of the Bible, including the Gospels as well.

    There are three criteria for evaluating creation models in light of the Genesis narrative. First, Adam and Eve, the first humans were specially creation by God. Their bodies were not developed from previous animals and then en-souled by God. The “image of God,” whatever meanings might be drawn out of that phrase, is expressed in the combination of soul and body that is unique to humanity. Second, the entire human race descended from that “primal pair.” This follows from the first criteria and best explains the capacities and unified experience of humanity. Third, and perhaps most controversial, is the reality of “the fall.” Adam and Eve were created holy and capable of remaining that way, if they obeyed God. They rebelled against Him and therefore all of humanity, with Adam as our Federal head, share in the guilt of their original act and in the rebellious nature that resulted from it. These criteria leave some room for theories of origins that point to an original human group. This would be more compatible with a representative view of Adam. However Collins argues that Adam would necessarily be the “chief” or leader of that primal group.

    If there is a weakness in the entire book, it is how thoroughly it treats the concept of myth. Collins argues, via quotes from Richard Purtil in chapter 2 that myths should be understood based on the purpose of the original authors. In this context, myths are the method of transmitting a worldview. Purtil argues that “original myths” meet a deep longing in human beings, he writes “I think it might be called the need for significant form in our experience. We want to be able to relate the things that happen to us as parts of an understandable whole.” (page 30) However there are many examples throughout human history where myths were created to fulfill that very purpose and now these stories are known to be completely false. In short, there is nothing about the purpose or meaning of a myth that has anything to do with whether or not it is true.

    The following is a quotation transcribed from a short video by N.T. Wright found on the Biologos forum under the title “Meaning and Myth.”

    "When anthropologists talk about myth, what they mean is not an untrue story. What they mean is a story which is full of power for how we understand ourselves individually, for how we understand ourselves as a community, for how we understand what the human project is all about and some its paradoxes and tragedies. The mythological element however, has got misunderstood to be ‘if its myth therefore it isn’t history’ and vice versa, and that just for starters. We need to lighten about these words and maybe find some other words, because I do think it matters that something like a primal pair getting it wrong did happen, but that doesn’t mean I’m saying therefore Genesis is kind of positivist, literal, clunky history over against myth."

    Dr. Wright also describes the first three chapters of Genesis as one of the “most explosive” parts of the Bible. If we merely read the text or describe what it literally says, we are completely missing the point of what is being described. Yet with all due respect to Dr. Wright, it is difficult to “lighten up” against a backdrop of so many myths being false. It is this type of rhetoric that seems to dismiss concepts of true or false that alarms many who think the authority of the Bible is important.

    Finding myself disagreeing with the likes of N.T. Wright is one indication that the word “myth” is worth some future discussion. For now, such disagreements are a necessary part of a conversation that Collins has started with Did Adam and Eve Really Exist? Who They Were and Why You Should Care. It is a thought provoking and accessible introduction into an important discussion.
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  • Reviewed in the United States on April 29, 2017
    Did Adam and Eve Exist? Who They Were and Why You Should Care
    By C. John Collins
    A Review
    Author
    Were Adam and Eve real people? Did all of humanity really originate from these two, or a larger population? Were they created directly by God, or did they evolve from an ancestral precursor? Does it matter theologically?
    C. John Collins is a Professor of Old Testament at Covenant Theological Seminary. He received a BS and MS in Computer Science and Systems Engineering from MIT, an MDiv from Faith Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, and a PhD in Hebrew Language from the University of Liverpool. In Did Adam and Eve Exist, Collins addresses these questions.
    Background
    Among theologians, historians, archaeologists, others who study the Ancient Near East (ANE) there has been an ongoing debate over how much of the Old and New Testament narratives contain actual historical events. Within these discussions are further differences concerning the question of inerrancy, and what that even means, and the implications for theology for the varying views. One of the key issues is whether Adam and Eve were actual historical persons, how they came to be, and how their disobedience effects the rest of humanity.
    Thesis
    Questions of the origin of modern humans are of interest to those both inside and outside the church, however since the purpose of this work focus on theological and pastoral concerns, the scientific aspects, while important, are secondary. Naturalistic scientists are only interested in when where and how humanity developed. However, theologically, we seek to understand how these answers make sense of our origin, problem, and the solutions proposed by Christianity. It is Collins’ view that the relevant texts of the Old and New Testament, as well as ancient non-canonical Jewish writings, strongly suggest Adam and Eve were actual persons. Moreover, the traditional view makes the best sense of our experience, and of Christian theology.
    Synopsis
    In his introduction, Collins lays out the issues, and explains the criteria he uses to answer the relevant questions. The three key questions he applies are(18-19):
    1. How does the person or event impact the basic story line? (Basic story line here refers to the overarching story of the entire Bible.)
    2. How have other writers, especially Biblical ones, taken this person or event?
    3. How does this person or event relate to ordinary human experience?
    Chapter 2 lays out how the entire Biblical narrative fits together. In chapter 3, Collins addresses specific Biblical and extra biblical texts that refer to Adam and Eve. Chapter 4 discusses the implications of human origins for the Image of God, human dignity, and our common experience. Chapter 5 contains an analysis of the relationship between science and the Biblical data, and how this is best approached. In his conclusion, Collins sums up his arguments, their implications, and offers a personal application. Additionally, there are three helpful appendices. The first addresses comparisons of Genesis with other ANE texts, the second is a book review, and the third dealing with the dating of the Book of Genesis.
    Analysis
    Any critique of this book, in order to be fair, must keep in mind the intended audience. A non-believer in Judaism or Christianity my find this book lacking in a compelling argument for the historical existence of Adam and Eve. However, while there is a publicly accessible argument for their veracity, the bulk of the argument assumes a shared theism, and at least some reverence for the Bible. As such, the critique needs to address the argument being offered, not the ones it does not. Going back to Collins’ criteria, how well does he defend his views? Adam and Eve, as real historical individuals makes better sense of all that follows in redemptive history than a fictitious couple. Moreover, Collins shows that other Biblical writers, as well as texts outside the canon, treat Adam and Eve as real people. Finally, Collins demonstrates the explanatory power that a real couple offers for our common experience. There are aspects of the support Collins cites that are out of date. (Which Collins would acknowledge.) On page 82, Collins cites N.T. Wright from a book where he offers such support. However, Wright has since changed his mind on this.
    Not all critiques come from a position that negate Collins’ criteria, but simply dismiss their significance. In works such as Adam and the Genome, McKnight and Vennema argue that Paul believed that Adam was a real person, but he didn’t get this from modern science, so he can’t be right about that. (I realize this is a gross oversimplification, but I will address this more thoroughly in a forthcoming review.)
    Recommendation
    Collins’ book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the issues of how the grand narrative of the Bible fits together. He makes an excellent case for the historical reality of the pair, Adam and Eve, and the implications this has for theology and for life. He does so with an irenic tone, and a caution that does not go beyond the evidence. Rather than staking claims on issues such as the age of the universe, or even creation versus evolution, he simply shows what can be allowed within a faithful reading of the text in its historical and literary context. His book is accessible for a high school level reader. Did Adam and Eve Exist, as well as Genesis 1-4: A Linguistic, Literary and Theological Commentary are “must have’s” for anyone who cares about these issues.
    4 people found this helpful
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  • lynda
    5.0 out of 5 stars Speedy service ...satisfied with product
    Reviewed in Canada on September 6, 2023
    Exactly what I was expecting! Would order from this seller again.
  • Anthony Hendriks
    2.0 out of 5 stars Not Convinced
    Reviewed in Canada on August 31, 2023
    First of all, I am not an academic, when it comes to the Bible, so I have to tread carefully when critiquing a book like this. And I have to congratulate Mr. Collins in the time he took to explain the biases, and frameworks that he considers important to be aware of before drawing any conclusions on the topic (was Adam a historical figure). Having said that, I am not convinced by his writing.

    In the sales copy introducing the book (on Amazon) Collins says this: "We need a real Adam and Eve if we are to make sense of the Bible and of life." I don't agree with that. There is much we do not know/understand about God and the universe that if we allowed to be a stumbling block few of us would be Christians. There is much about being a Christian that is not revealed in the Bible that must be taken by faith.

    There is much that is missing in the area of evolution in Mr. Collins writing. He is honest enough to admit that he is not an expert in the field of biology and his arguments are not necessarily conclusive in that area. And he shares varying points-of-views in regard to this (as he does throughout the book in regard to the interpretation of the Biblical material). That's a plus.

    I am also not convinced in regard to his support for Adam in the New Testament. The fact that Jesus appears to treat Adam as a historical figure is no proof that Jesus actually believed it was true. Paul is also considered to have considered Adam a historical figure, but again, this is debatable. We know that Paul reinterpreted the OT to meet his need to make sense to the Gentiles the new centrality of Jesus to an ancient faith that was now a 'new' faith. For example, Paul credits Adam with 'original' sin (to put Jew and Gentile on the same ground before God) with the result that many believe that all humanity is now born into sin. This was not and is not the predominant view of the Jews, which is that we are all born sinless.

    Anyway, Collins gets 2 stars for his careful presentation of his material. BTW, this is not a book for the non-believer or new Christian. It's pretty technical in spots. Although Collins seems to 'hit' Peter Enns pretty hard in an early chapter, I prefer Enns book (The Evolution of Adam) and his conclusions.
  • M Reimer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on February 12, 2017
    Bought for a Christmas gift