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The Dancing Goddesses: Folklore, Archaeology, and the Origins of European Dance

4.8 out of 5 stars 44 ratings

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A fascinating exploration of an ancient system of beliefs and its links to the evolution of dance.

From southern Greece to northern Russia, people have long believed in female spirits, bringers of fertility, who spend their nights and days dancing in the fields and forests. So appealing were these spirit-maidens that they also took up residence in nineteenth-century Romantic literature.

Archaeologist and linguist by profession, folk dancer by avocation, Elizabeth Wayland Barber has sleuthed through ethnographic lore and archaeological reports of east and southeast Europe, translating enchanting folktales about these “dancing goddesses” as well as eyewitness accounts of traditional rituals―texts that offer new perspectives on dance in agrarian society. She then traces these goddesses and their dances back through the Romans and Greeks to the first farmers of Europe. Along the way, she locates the origins of many customs, including coloring Easter eggs and throwing rice at the bride. The result is a detective story like no other and a joyful reminder of the human need to dance. 150 illustrations and 9 maps

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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

*Starred Review* In her latest, joyfully comprehensive work of scholarly discovery and original analysis, archaeologist, linguist, and prehistoric textiles expert Barber, inspired by her passion for folk dancing, unearths the roots and significance of dance in the diverse cultures of Europe and Russia. Originally dance “was not an ‘art form’ but the essence of life itself,” a perception borne out by Barber’s many-pronged diggings into folklore, religion, agriculture, seasonal rituals, traditional medicine, ornament, and clothing. She begins with folktales about magical dancing female spirits, “bringers of fertility,” and village maidens dancing to summon spring. Of courtship dances, Barber wryly observes that “certain dances evolved to test whether the bride was physically strong and agile enough” to do the hard work women performed in the fields and at home. Taking cues from images of dancers in handicrafts and art and spanning ancient Greece and Rome and the meshing of pagan traditions and Christianity, Barber describes “dance cures” and dances for the ancestors and revels in such intriguing customs as the Slavic “magical sleeve dance.” She even draws on cognitive science to investigate how dancing affects the brain, bringing people into accord and strengthening communities. Years in the making, Barber’s far-roaming, gracefully interpretive, and sprightly study of European dance will be the go-to resource for many years to come. --Donna Seaman

Review

"Rich with anecdotes and compelling explanations of the origin of many modern customs (such as throwing rice at a bride), Barber's is an informative and amusing read, often bringing together many diverse sources―traditional stories, illustrations of artifacts, and aspects of popular culture―into an illuminating whole that will serve as a nice introduction for those unfamiliar with the topic, and a valuable reference for scholars of European dance and folklore."
Publishers Weekly

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ W. W. Norton & Company (February 11, 2013)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 448 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393065367
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393065367
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.4 x 1.4 x 9.6 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.8 out of 5 stars 44 ratings

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4.8 out of 5 stars
44 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers appreciate the book's anthropological content, describing it as a treasure trove of insight with lots of research. Moreover, the book is written in a very readable style, making it accessible to lay readers. Additionally, they praise its coverage of folk dances, with one customer noting how it ties together various strands of dance history.

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8 customers mention "Anthropological content"8 positive0 negative

Customers appreciate the book's anthropological content, describing it as a treasure trove of insight with extensive research, and one customer notes how it reveals the origins and meanings of customs.

"...Parts are erudite, and full of fascinating facts about the region's culture and history...." Read more

"...This covers a lot about folk dances, early neolithic culture, traditional life in the balkans in closer to modern times, mythic understandings, women..." Read more

"This book is well researched and presented...." Read more

"...of Greece, the Balkans, and Eastern Europe this book is full of insights into the meaning and symbology of ‘western’ Folk Dance...." Read more

8 customers mention "Readability"8 positive0 negative

Customers find the book easy to read, with one describing it as lively, and several noting it is great for lay readers.

"...My favorite parts of the book, however, and the ones that will stick most in my mind, are about Balkan dances themselves...." Read more

"...the strands I've been exploring in the last several years in a very readable style. It makes a much more coherent whole now...." Read more

"This book is well researched and presented. It is a great book for lay-readers, in part because it includes a bibliography and citations for..." Read more

"She's great. Lots of research and interesting read" Read more

3 customers mention "Symphonies"3 positive0 negative

Customers appreciate the book's coverage of folk dances and their mythological roots, with one customer noting how it ties together various strands of information.

"...It makes a much more coherent whole now. This covers a lot about folk dances, early neolithic culture, traditional life in the balkans in closer to..." Read more

"...Tying together folk dance and it’s relationship to village life, marriage, fertility, death . . ...." Read more

"A must-read for anyone who loves Balkan dances..." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on May 18, 2017
    This book is an archeologist's ode to her passion for Eastern European folk dance. Parts are erudite, and full of fascinating facts about the region's culture and history. She explains, for instance, why the colors of white, red and black are so popular. Why embroidery goes around the neck and sleeves (to protect the wearer from evil spirits), why some dances go clockwise and others the reverse, why dances from some regions have "regular" beats, such as 3/4 or 4/4, and other regions have odder ones like 7/8, 9/8, etc. Why Western Europe does partner dances, and Eastern Europe does line dances.

    My favorite parts of the book, however, and the ones that will stick most in my mind, are about Balkan dances themselves. As an avid folk dancer in my teens, I had an intuitive understanding of the sacredness of these dances. Barber explains where this comes from, namely the ritual nature of the dances themselves, which were used to ensure fertility and connect with earth and water goddesses.

    She had two quotes in the book from William McNeill, author of Keeping Together in Time, about the psychological effects of soldiers marching together. I absolutely loved these, because it was the first time I had ever seen anybody describe the magic of moving in unison with a group of people -- in the case of dancing, to timeless tunes and rhythms:

    "Marching aimlessly about on the drill field, swaggering in conformity with prescribed military postures, conscious only of keeping in step so as to make the next move correctly and in time somehow felt good... A sense of pervasive well-being is what I recall; more specifically, a strange sense of personal enlargement; a sort of swelling out, becoming bigger than life, thanks to participation in collective ritual... It was something felt, not talked about ... Moving briskly and keeping in time was enough to make us feel good about ourselves, satisfied to be moving together, and vaguely pleased with the world at large."

    "the emotion it arouses constitutes an indefinitely expansible basis for social cohesion among any and every group that keeps together in time,moving big muscles together and chanting, singing, or shouting rhythmically. 'Muscular bonding' is the most economical label I could find for this phenomenon, and I hope the phrase will be understood to mean the euphoric fellow feeling that prolonged and rhythmic muscular movement arouses in nearly all participants in such exercises."

    Isn't that beautiful? Isn't that exactly what a person feels in something like folk dance?

    I will keep this book as a reference for a long time.
    10 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on January 31, 2015
    Wow, she ties together so many of the strands I've been exploring in the last several years in a very readable style. It makes a much more coherent whole now. This covers a lot about folk dances, early neolithic culture, traditional life in the balkans in closer to modern times, mythic understandings, women's lives and work, folk tales, seasonal customs, and textiles in a way that gently uncovers connections between them all.

    Recommended for people who are interested in folk dancing, balkan traditional culture, the culture of the earliest agriculturalists, the history of women's lives and work, and / or mythic understandings of the world.
    6 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on July 22, 2015
    This book is well researched and presented. It is a great book for lay-readers, in part because it includes a bibliography and citations for further reading. I used this book as one of my background texts when I taught a short class in ballet history at a summer ballet intensive.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on October 6, 2021
    Focusing mostly on folk dance of Greece, the Balkans, and Eastern Europe this book is full of insights into the meaning and symbology of ‘western’ Folk Dance. Tying together folk dance and it’s relationship to village life, marriage, fertility, death . . . Full of great visual depictions of the subject matter as well.
  • Reviewed in the United States on March 8, 2019
    She's great. Lots of research and interesting read
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on September 30, 2013
    Barber, Professor Emerita of Archeology and Linguistics at Occidental College, sets out to document the origins of dance in the region ranging from Crete through the Balkans to the Baltic. In the effort, however, she spans not only her native disciplines but also women's herstory, the social sciences, ethnology, and folkloristics to systematically explore the gestalt of agrarian culture, from folktales and ballads, herbalism and textile arts, to courtship and marriage rituals, as well as dance, and proves that "'perishable' customs and beliefs can survive for millennia."

    Part I examines the functional origins of dance in the region of interest. Most important among these is the appeasement of the spirits, especially ancestors and the volatile spirits of maidens who had died before giving birth, as their fertility remained latent and transferable to the earth if placated, but their power could be destructive if not. Dance served as part of the rituals that marked time, often as sympathetic magic, inducing the earth to perform in various ways mimicking or responding to the actions of the dancers. It also established and affirmed the bonds of community that are so important to survival particularly in agrarian societies.

    Part II uses the folktale The Frog Princess to reveal the role of dance and women's arts to prove the bride's fitness for marriage and likely fertility. In agrarian cultures, fecundity was paramount to provide extra hands for labor and marriage often took place only after the bride proved fertile by pregnancy. (Christianity was largely an urban phenomenon and its valuation of virginal brides was limited in its influence).

    In Part III, extensive archaeological evidence traces the rituals and beliefs discussed in the previous sections back to the Age of Rome, Greece, and the Bronze Age. Part IV, the shortest chapter, draws upon social and cognitive sciences to answer the question of "Why dance?" Why? Because we are hardwired for rhythm, because we feel solidarity moving together, because "our brains go into ecstatic hyperdrive when several cognitive systems [muscular, emotional, etc.] get fully synchronized, all firing in unison."

    This is an eminently readable, though primarily scholarly treatment. It is extensively researched, and the detail and various versions of the practices and folktales can be either tedious or engrossing, depending on one's disposition. This is an essential addition to Dance Studies and Women's Studies collections and belongs beside the work of Marija Gimbutas and Mary B. Kelly's Goddess Embroideries series.
    15 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on July 27, 2015
    Not for the casual reader, perhaps, but for one interested in history of cultures and the amazing tenacity of customs, this is a great book, easy to read and understand.
  • Reviewed in the United States on May 2, 2018
    A treasure trove of insight, woven into a mystery to be solved. Good for those who like detail, but those folks are likely to get lost in the woods. This reveals the origins and meanings of customs we don't even know are rooted in ancient times.
    2 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

  • CoveredinCatHair
    5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful book. Written in a clear easy-reading style
    Reviewed in Canada on May 6, 2015
    Wonderful book. Written in a clear easy-reading style, there is something fascinating on every page. Ever wondered why Artemis, the greek goddess of childbirth was a woodland hunter VIRGIN? She has the answer. Baba Yaga's chicken legged hut? Here's the reasons you have to know the questions to enter it, also why Baba is both a helper and destroyer. Page after page, you will be reading bits to your spouse and quoting it to friends.
  • T. Gregory
    5.0 out of 5 stars fascinating book
    Reviewed in Canada on August 8, 2013
    Well written book, interesting historic exploration of culture of dance, great illustrations, - I would definitely recommend it for curious minds.
  • Dance Debut Inc. (Consignment)
    4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on February 12, 2016
    So much fun reading through the myths, folklore, and dance steps. Enjoyed this.