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The Whig Supremacy, 1714-1760 (Oxford History of England) 2nd Edition
Purchase options and add-ons
- ISBN-100198217102
- ISBN-13978-0198217107
- Edition2nd
- PublisherOxford University Press
- Publication dateDecember 31, 1962
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions1.5 x 5.75 x 8.75 inches
- Print length526 pages
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Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (December 31, 1962)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 526 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0198217102
- ISBN-13 : 978-0198217107
- Item Weight : 1.9 pounds
- Dimensions : 1.5 x 5.75 x 8.75 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,408,555 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #977 in European History (Books)
- #2,324 in England History
- Customer Reviews:
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- Reviewed in the United States on April 1, 2010How amazing is it that this astonishing work doesn't have a review. Mr. Williams fought in the second Boer war and subsequently was a clerk in the House of Commons. One of the most remarkable features of this book is his grasp of practical affairs, for example the reforms and refinements of English law, the developments in the technology of iron and steel manufacture. I had previously thought the eighteenth century was a kind of hiatus in English history. In a way it was, as far as drama was concerned, although the Seven Years War and the War of American Independence might be thought enough for many centuries. But Williams shows that in fact strenuous developments were made in intellectual, scientific, artistic and technological spheres, preparing the way for the radical re-vision of the nineteenth century. His down to earth approach underscores how this century of fallow, of regrouping, allowed the nation to prepare for the achievements that lay beyond. Williams made his name as a biographer of Pitt the Elder, a forgotten figure these days, but one who after Marlborough was the second great figure in the creation of the Empire. That is perhaps a dirty word these days, but at the least a fundamental flagstone in our history. This volume is an old-fashioned resume of the achievements and difficulties of that century and part of a heritage we no longer seem to feel the need to look at.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 2, 2018Disappointing. Jingoistic, naive.
Top reviews from other countries
- NeutralReviewed in the United Kingdom on August 8, 2020
5.0 out of 5 stars The Interpersonal Nature of eighteenth Century Politics
Basil Williams had extensive experience, including that of being a clerk to the House of Commons, before becoming an academic over the age of 50. ‘The Whig Supremacy ‘1714-1760’ covers the reigns of the first two Hanoverian kings of England providing extensive coverage of the transition from the Stuart monarchical claims to the more limited power of the House of Hanover. George 1 was the prince-elector of the House of Hanover, a member of the college that elected the Holy Roman Emperor. He was the nearest Protestant relative under the Act of Settlement of 1701 to his cousin Anne who died in 1714. Hanoverian reigns were opposed by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuarts to the throne, calling on support, especially from Scottish adherents and revolting in 1715, 1719 and 1745.
In 1715 the Earl of Mar, deprived of office under George, shifted his allegiance to James Edward, The Old Pretender. He raised troops but was a poor general and unable to win battles even when the odds were in his favour. He was accused of treason in 1716 and spent the rest of his life in France. Despite a writ of attainder against him, he was awarded a pension by George in1721. James abandoned him. In 1719 a Spanish supported Jacobite uprising also failed with a number of Scottish adherents accepting pardons and leaving politics. In 1745 the Scots invaded England travelling as far as Derby before retreating. The following year the Jacobites were defeated in a one hour pitched battle at Culloden.
The Hanoverians were not popular in England but their unpopularity was offset by popular opposition to Catholicism in general and James in particular. Both Hanoverian rulers were actively involved in Hanoverian interests abroad and absent from England which weakened their power. After the divisions of the civil war the ruling elite was held together by the dominance of commonsense over enthusiasm, compromise over intolerance, self reliance over patronage and the political dominance of the Whigs over the Tories. The main purpose of tolerance was to preserve the property rights of those in power rather than address the social realities of poverty. In Hanover, George had authoritarian rights whereas in England his rights, which included that of choosing ministers and controlling both the army and foreign affairs, took place within a constitutional framework. The first two ministries of Stanhope and Walpole used the system to remove Tories from office and replace them with Whig supporters.
Stanhope’s ministry was in office for the first seven years of George 1’s reign. The politics of the time was characterised by interpersonal relations amongst people with similar interests. In 1717 Walpole formed a Whig opposition to the ruling Whigs. In 1720 he used the South Sea Bubble fiasco (which involved over 500 Members of Parliament amongst its backers), the collapse of which resulted in financial collapse and widespread allegations of corruption. Walpole attempted to secure the support of the Bank of England which failed. He retired to Norfolk which disassociated him from Stanhope’s ministry and resulted in a groundswell of opinion suggesting he was the only minister capable of restoring public confidence. Walpole preferred to let sleeping dogs lie to protect ministers whose opposition could undermine him. Stanhope died, several successors were unavailable and Walpole rose to supreme power.
Walpole came to power alongside his brother-in-law ‘Turnip’ Townshend until jealousy and stubbornness caused the latter to leave the ministry in 1730 and return to farming ostensibly over Walpole’s Austrian foreign policy. For the next twelve years Walpole manipulated the political system to his own advantage before losing to the pocket boroughs of Scotland and Cornwall who the Young Pretender had ordered to vote him down. His attempts to avoid war collapsed when in 1739 England engaged Spain in the War of Jenkins Ear. The general election of 1741 produced a Parliament of people for whom loyalty was malleable and in 1742 Walpole was defeated in the House of Commons, He accepted a peerage and pension from George 11 who trusted him but his health declined rapidly and he died three years later.
The Carteret ministry which succeeded him lasted, as Walpole predicted, a little over a year. It was succeeded by Henry Pelham’s two Broad-Bottomed coalition ministries. Shifting allegiances between MPs led to a succession of short lived ministries including the first Tory government under the Earl of Bute who managed to force the resignations of Newcastle, the Elder Pitt and concluded the Seven Years War in 1763 with the Peace of Paris. However, Bute wanted to maintain an army in America and charge them for its upkeep. It started the events which eventually led to the American War of Independence. Although Williams provides accurate insights into the personal nature of the politics of the period he does not fall into the trap of writing the Whig Interpretation of history.
Williams is focused and incisive. Neither does he neglect the social conditions of the time (which the ruling elite ignored) or the significant developments in colonial history, science, writing or the arts. While history from below became fashionable after Williams wrote it did nothing to undermine his general approach of the primacy of politics. The period produced people from a variety of fields whose names remain immediately recognisable. ‘Capability Brown ‘. Pope, Newton, John Harrison, Franklin, Inigo Jones, Horace Walpole, Adam and the search for knowledge including longitude, the foundation of the Royal Society and the British Museum. Williams reserves the highest praise for Hume who he regards as a cut above the rest of his contemporaries.
There are extensive bibliographies on each of the various subjects which many more recent books ignore or can only be found in specialist volumes such as the history of science. In addition, while history has developed in more specialist forms Williams is still a sure and certain foundation for studying the early eighteenth century. As such it deserves five stars and a recommendation for immediate reading.
- finickyReviewed in the United Kingdom on October 5, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars very pleased....again.
Almost always I am very pleased with their books and this was no exception.
- R. M. M.Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 13, 2013
4.0 out of 5 stars Old now but still very good
Just a little something that might be of practical help to those wondering about the colossal price disparities here.
This is an old work, written pre-war I think. Very kindly, Oxford still make it available, but on a print to order basis - which is why it is so fantastically expensive. No economies of scale there!
However, some copies remain in retailers' stores from old print runs (I think the last was 1998). These are new in the sense of not second hand, but must actually have been printed quite some time ago. I can only say I was delighted with the copy I got from Jackbux, one of the Amazon sellers. And if there was any "jacket shelf wear" I didn't notice it.
- Amazon CustomerReviewed in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Great book, fast shipping
- Mr. Neil FarrellReviewed in the United Kingdom on July 23, 2014
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Would definitely recommend! Excellent condition for a second-hand book.