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The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to the Destruction of Roman Italy (History of the Ancient World) Hardcover – Illustrated, November 19, 2019

4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 59 ratings

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A sweeping political history of the turbulent two centuries that led to the demise of the Roman Empire.

The Tragedy of Empire begins in the late fourth century with the reign of Julian, the last non-Christian Roman emperor, and takes readers to the final years of the Western Roman Empire at the end of the sixth century. One hundred years before Julian’s rule, Emperor Diocletian had resolved that an empire stretching from the Atlantic to the Euphrates, and from the Rhine and Tyne to the Sahara, could not effectively be governed by one man. He had devised a system of governance, called the tetrarchy by modern scholars, to respond to the vastness of the empire, its new rivals, and the changing face of its citizenry. Powerful enemies like the barbarian coalitions of the Franks and the Alamanni threatened the imperial frontiers. The new Sasanian dynasty had come into power in Persia. This was the political climate of the Roman world that Julian inherited.

Kulikowski traces two hundred years of Roman history during which the Western Empire ceased to exist while the Eastern Empire remained politically strong and culturally vibrant. The changing structure of imperial rule, the rise of new elites, foreign invasions, the erosion of Roman and Greek religions, and the establishment of Christianity as the state religion mark these last two centuries of the Empire.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“As Kulikowski presents it, the end of the Roman Empire in the West was mean and dirty―and thoroughly Roman…In a brilliant tour d’horizon of the West from Ireland to the Black Sea, he measures the effect of the fall of Rome on the world beyond Rome.”Peter Brown, New York Review of Books

“A tour de force history of the inner workings of the late Roman Empire. Kulikowski tells a vivid, compelling story of the humans who fought to control the machinery of the empire until the entire system could no longer hold.”
Kyle Harper, author of The Fate of Rome

“Kulikowski pairs his comprehensive understanding of late Roman politics with an uncanny eye for spatial and material details as he reconstructs an empire in a downward spiral of self-destruction. Roman emperors and barbarian kings, pagan aristocrats and Christian bishops, loyal soldiers and self-serving condottieri are woven into the brilliantly dramatized story of
The Tragedy of Empire.”Noel Lenski, author of Constantine and the Cities

“Kulikowski’s lively and engaging account brings clarity to the murky world of the late Roman Empire. It lets us understand the endless infighting between imperial hopefuls, the profound reforms of Diocletian, and the social transformation that expressed itself in Christianity. It explains the many forces which led to the western empire’s disintegration and expertly guides us through a post-Roman world which was eventually to give rise to modern Europe.”
Jerry Toner, author of Infamy: The Crimes of Ancient Rome

“Michael Kulikowski tells the story of the Roman Empire from the fourth to the sixth century. He writes boldly and fluently about imperial politics, incorporating the latest scholarship yet avoiding getting bogged down in academic controversies. Highly recommended as an introduction to the political history of this period.”
Hugh Elton, author of The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity

“Kulikowski’s tale is complex, and frequently bloody, with dynastic intrigue, Persian wars, assassinations, usurpations, religious disputes, barbarian incursions, and repeated civil wars… A very valuable overview and analysis of the knotty question of why the empire ‘fell’ in the west, while it survived in the east.”
A. A. Nofi, StrategyPage

About the Author

Michael Kulikowski is the author of Rome’s Gothic Wars, Late Roman Spain and Its Cities, and The Triumph of Empire (Harvard). Kulikowski has appeared in a number of documentaries on the History Channel, including Barbarians Rising, Rome, and Criminal History: Rome, and writes frequently for the Wall Street Journal and London Review of Books. He is the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History and Classics at Pennsylvania State University.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press; Illustrated edition (November 19, 2019)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 424 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0674660137
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0674660137
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.85 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.2 x 1.5 x 9.4 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 59 ratings

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4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
59 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on August 20, 2020
Although there are other books on the Roman Empire from the death of Jovian to the ouster of Romulus “Augustulus” (although Julius Nepos was the last de jure emperor), I know of no other book that has such a catholic (small ‘c’) view of the period. Kulikowski begins the story with an overview of the Rome of Constantine I and his successors who ruled a notionally united empire. In these pages, he introduces themes that continue to operate after the split of Rome between Valentinian I in the West, and Valens in the East: the devolution of the Western empire; relationships with other Eastern polities, “barbarian” tribes, and successor kingdoms everywhere; the waning of financial support in the West compared with the wealthy East; and, of necessity, the dismal tale of the Christian Church and its endless infighting about the nature of God and Jesus (anyone who has read Edward Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is more than aware of the blasphemous and murderous history of fanatic divines purporting to know the mind of God).

Kulikowski’s stunning achievement of weaving all these themes is bracing and salutary. He gives the most cogent account of early Christianity’s take on the nature of God I have ever read. So too with the bewildering number of “barbarian” hordes facing the Roman West and East: his treatment of the Hunnic incursions alone is a model of concision. Other reviewers have complained about the number of names that appear in the book but I wonder how else readers can make any sense of this or most any other history. Moreover, Kulikowski lets us know when evidence is lacking and keeps his speculations to a minimum. When he does speculate, he has enough bits of evidence to make a suggestion, not a conclusion. This aspect, to me, is brilliant. In fact, the entire book is brilliant.

Considering the abundance of books on the Roman Empire from Augustus to, say, Severus Alexander, and the paucity of books covering the heirs of Constantine I, Kulikowski’s book is indeed essential. The Roman imperium in the West didn’t fall, it evaporated.

The author provides guidance for further reading, an index, and bibliographic essays on the topic.
19 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on June 8, 2020
Describes the actions of all the people in power during the last centuries of the Roman empire. The problem is that there are so many of them (seems like half a dozen new players are introduced on every page), most of them with very mediocre legacy that it is hard to keep track of them and have them stick out.
3 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on March 22, 2020
Meticulously researched. Offers insights into a subject not seen elsewhere. An intriguing and thought provoking analysis of the evolution of Christian theology and western government foundations. A must read for the serious student of much more than just Roman history but the roots of much of modern societies.
8 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on October 10, 2022
Good book
Reviewed in the United States on December 31, 2020
A rich feast for those who like historical studies. Also a fascinating mix of mind-numbing detail and insightful commentary.
Reviewed in the United States on February 2, 2022
The book offers a good history of the late Roman/Eastern Roman Empire. The maps reflecting the geography of the region, however, show glaring inaccuracies. For instance while every body of water is named, the name Persian Gulf is missing from the picture leaving one wonder what the gulf separating Persia and Arabia actually is. This is largely due heavy lobbying by Saudi Arabia, UAE and other Arab states bordering Persian Gulf who have long argued that this body of water should be (erroneously) named Arabian Gulf. It appears that the author has chosen not to take sides in this debate opting to not only not refer to the actual name, i.e. Persian Gulf, but to remove the name altogether. This is truly disappointing coming from an otherwise respectable historian. I assume the publisher, Harvard University Press, is complicit here as well, which unfortunately reflects poorly on Harvard as a whole. Very sad indeed!
Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2021
Although here and there the author expresses interesting insights, most of the book consists of names rattled off in a clutter of sentences, each one introducing or mentioning or referring back to yet another person, place or untranslated Latin entity, as though the goal of the book were to mention every single documented figure, location and item in the historical record.

Top reviews from other countries

Sigmund Roseth
1.0 out of 5 stars Overwrought and verbose with unnecessary details in the extreme. Waste of time.
Reviewed in Canada on August 9, 2021
Not worth your time.